Logotype, type-bar, and typographic form.



UN @TATE% PATENT @FFltQlE.

FRANCIS I-I. RICHARDS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOE, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO AMERICAN TYPOGRAPHIC CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF ARIZONA TERRITORY.

LOGOTYPE, TYPE-BAR, AND TYPOGRAPHIC FORT/I.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at l lartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain ne\ and useful Improvements in Logotypes, Type-Bars, and Typographic Forms, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction of logotypes or word-types adapted for the making of typebars and typographic forms, and it has for an object to furnish a logotype of such a form and construction as to enable an adjacent space piece to be com bined in cooperative relation therewith for the purpose of permitting the adjustment of the distance between the logotype and the next adjacent logotype or between the logotype and the opposed reaction surface in the body of the line or at the end thereof.

In the manufacture of a logotype'ordinarily constituting a component part of a typebar, which in turn, when assembled with other typebars, constitutes one of the elements of a typographic form, and whether the logotype comprises a single type or includes a plurality thereof, the logotype will be made by some suitable method effective for the production of word-types. It will also, when made according to the present invention, have its body portion so formed at either one or both ends of the series or line of types as to properly cooperate with a space or adjusting piece designed to enable the width of the space at the end or ends of the logotype to be adjusted in conformity with the requirements of the line adjustment or justification. WVhen a typo graphic form, moreover, is made up from typebars ei'i'ibodying logotypes constructed according to the present invention, or at least some of the matter of such form is composed thereof, particular advantages exist in that not only is there present a capacity for effecting a justification or regulation of a line of the matter, that is, the printing portion of each typebar, but it is also possible to alter the appearance of the form as a whole after being set up.

The drawing accompanying the present specification illustrates a logotype, typebar and typographic form in whose construction there are embodied the features of the present invention.

In this drawing Figure 1 is a plan view Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 28, 1901.

Patented Sept. 27, 1910.

Serial No. 80,223.

of a typographic form, in this case embodying two separate and assembled typebars. Fig. 9. is an elevation of a series of logotypes constructed and spaced one from the other by means embodying the present improvements. a portion of the logotype depthwise of the same being broken away, and the scale of this figure being considerably larger than that to which Fig. 1 is drawn. Fig: 8 is an ele ational view, drawn to the same scale as Fig. l, of a typebar embodying a series of associated logotypes constructed and spaced according to the present improvements, parts being shown in section. Fig. A} is a. perspective view of a logotype one of whose end faces, depthwise of the logotype, is inclined to the vertical axis of the logotype, and formed with a channel constituting a guide for a space piece or member adapted to engage with the channel and through the reaction of an opposing surface permitting the position of the logotype to be shifted to thereby effect its adjustment with relation to the other logotypes of the line. 5 is a. similar view of a space piece adapted to cooperate with the logotype constructed as set forth in Fig. at; and 6 and 7 are different elevational views, part being broken away, of a key or tool for facilitating the insertion, with drawal and adjustment of the various space pieces or members. H

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all figures.

In manufacturing the word-types or logotypes forming component parts of the present bar, and designated generally herein without preference by L, any proper mode of manufacture or mechanism therefor may be employed. By whatever mechanism or in whatever manner the logotypes are formed, whether they are cast to form or made from a suitable blank of type-metal stock they will usually embody one or more types (7/. In the illustrated logotypes the several types are integrally connected with the body piece or stock of the logotype, the various types on each logotype being adapt ed to form, in general, a word-impression in the typographic art. lVhile I do not, therefore, confine myself in any way to any particular method of, or the use of any especial mechanism for, making the types embodied in the logotype, the same may be readily and satisfactorily produced, however, by the compression of a proper blank by a series of selectively located dies, which, as they are successively brought into engagement with the successive portions of the blank, form each respective type, as the result of a relative subsidiary motion imparted to the typemal:ing members during the advance of the die into the material of the blank. Such method of producing types is set forth in an application filed by me on October 21, 1901, Serial No. 79,359, which matured into United States Letters Patent No. 919,220, April 20th, 1909, to which reference may be made. The logotypes may, moreover, be made from a continuous or ribbonlike blank which is severed in appropriate lengths corresponding to the various lengths of the logotypes. Some portions of each of the logotypes may be formed for abutting the adjacent logotypes for producing spaces which maybe termed minimum word spaces.

For the purpose of enabling the compositor or operator to control the length of a line of composition in which separate and individual logotypes constitute the compo nent members, 1 provide, according to the present invention, means whereby the spaces intervening between contiguous logotypes may be varied. Preferably the construction will be such as to enable each of these spaces in the line to be varied. To this end one, at least, of the walls or faces which form the boundary of each of such spaces will be inclined; in other words, the adjacent vertical end walls or faces of contiguous logotypes while both ends of each logotype may be inclined to the vertical axis or line of height of the respective logotypes. I have in this instance represented one of such end walls or faces only as inclined to such axis (see the end wall 2), the opposite wall 2 extending in line with such axis. In the present showing the lower portions of the logotypes will normally abut one with the other for producing word spaces, these spaces will, when the logotypes are uniform, be the minimum or normal word spaces. Adapted to cooperate with the boundary walls of such space is a space piece or member, designated in a general way by 3, the relative inclination of whose sides preferably corresponds with the angle formed between the boundary walls of the space. the construction is such as to prevent the lateral displacement of the space piece with relation to the logotypes whose distance apart it serves to control. Obviously the means for accomplishing this maybe varied, but in the present case each logotype is pro vided with a channel 4: in each of the walls 2 and 2 which extends in the logotypes illustrated, from top to bottom of the logo type, while the space piece or member 3 is similarly provided upon opposite sides with Preferably 5 corresponding ribs or projections 5, the two ribs being adapted to fit into the channels 1 of contiguous logotypes. In order to provide a firm bearing for each space piece the width thereof, measured laterally or transversely of the logotype, corresponds substantially to the width of the latter.

It is evident from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the various illustrated figures, that upon forcing the space piece downward when in engagement with the channels at, -'.L, the same becomes operative to separate the logotypes and increase the distance or space between them. tonversely, when the space piece is elevated room is left for the closing in of the logotypes and the consequent diminution of the intervening space. Preferably each space piece will be so constructed as to facilitate its engagement with means for readily placing it in position and effecting its adjustment when so placed lengthwise of its guides. in the construction herein shown a key or operating tool, designated in a general way by It, is shown at one end having an enlarged portion /a adapted to be connected with the space piece. The latter is provided with a slot (5 appropriately formed for engagement with the enlarged portion iv of the key, a channel 7 in the upper surface of the space-piece, in this instance, intersecting this slot 6 and permitting the ready insertion of the manipulating tool into engagement with the space p1ece.

Although I do not contemplate that the f construction of the )resen lootv es shall will be inclined toward each other, and l L b be confined to any particular degree of inclination of its end walls, yet when the tapering space existing between the logotypes when assembled extends from the lower to the upper surface thereof, it will ordinarly resultin a space between adjacent logotypes which is greater than that desirable or existing in ordinary typographic composition. In order to obviate this, 1 may connect the inclined side of each logotype adjacent to the upper portion of the body thereof with the upper surface of the logotype adjacent to the base of the terminal type by means of an undercut portion as shown (see 8), this construction enabling the several logotypes to be assembled in closer proximity with a greater angle between the converging end walls than if such inclined side extended in a substantially straight line from top to bottom of the logotype.

A typebar built up of a series of logotypes constructed and capable of adjustment in accordance with the foregoing affords a further advantage in that not only is there a capacity for the individual justification of the logotypes in each typebar, but there is also present a possibility of effecting the shifting of the position of the logotypes in each typebar with relation to the logotypes in an adjacent bar, thus enabling the typesetter to prevent the union or connection of the wordspaces of justified bars one with another. This permits, in a very large measure, the control of the amiearance of the printed impression derived from the form when such impression is viewed as a whole. This advantage,inherent in the present form of logotype and typebar construction, as respects the construction of the typographic form built up therefrom, is more fully set forth in application Serial No. 65,307, filed by me on June 20, 1901, renewed August 17th, 1909, Serial No. 513,350, to which reference may be made.

Having described my invention, I claim 1. A logotype decreasing in width from its bottom portion toward its type face, whereby a wedge shaped spacer may be employed when such logotype is assembled with other matter in a form.

A logotype having one of its end faces extending substai'itially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis.

3. A logotype having one of its end faces inclined relatively to the vertical axis of the logotype, said end face being formed with a guide.

A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide.

5. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide nn dcrcut at the upper portion of the logotype.

(i. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide channel.

7. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide channel undercut at the upper portion of the logotype.

8. A logotype having one of its end faces inclined with relation to the vertical axis of the logotype, in combination with a space piece engaging with a guide therein.

9. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, in combination with a space piece engaging with a guide in said inclined face.

10. A logotype having one of its end faces inclined relatively to the vertical axis of the logotype, said end face being formed with a guide, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide. I

11. A logotype having one of. its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide.

12. A. logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide and being undercut at the upper portion of the logotype, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide.

13. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end face inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide channel, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide channel.

it. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end face inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide channel and being undercut at the upper portion of the logotype, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide channel.

15. A logotype having one of its end faces inclined with relation to the vertical axis of the logotype, in combination with a space piece engaging with a guide in said face, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating instrument.

16. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end face inclined relatively to said axis, in combination with a space piece engaging with a guide in said inclined face, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating instrument.

17. A logotype having one of its end faces inclined relatively to the vertical axis of the logotype, said end face being formed with a guide, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating instrument.

18. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end face inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating iifstrument.

19. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end face inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide and being undercut at the upper portion of the logotype, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating instrument.

20. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end face inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide channel, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide channel, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating instrument.

21. A logotype having one of its end faces extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and its opposite end face inclined relatively to said axis, said inclined face being formed with a guide channel and being undercut at the upper portion of the logotype, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide channel, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating instrument.

' A typebar embodying a pair of associated logotypes between which there is a space bounded by opposed walls converging toward each other, in combination with a space piece engaging with said walls, said space piece being adapted to engage with an operating key.

A typebar embodying a pair of associcd logotypes between which there is a A bounded by opposed walls converging 'o'ward each other, in combination with a 1 piece located between said walls, said walls being provided with guides with which the s ace piece engages.

A typebar embodying a pair of associated logotypes between which there is a space lonnded by opposed walls converging toward each other, in combination with a space piece located between said walls, one of said walls extending in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and the other of said walls being inclined relatively to that axis,

A typographic form built up of a plural'ty of typebars, each of which comprises in combination a plurality of logotypes sepo. by tapering spaces, and space pieces ng with said walls and shiftable loniiially thereof.

It logotype decreasing in width from its bottom portion toward its type face, and niece for adjusting the position of logotype decreasing in width from its bottonr portion toward its type face, and

provided with a guide on one of its end provided with a guide on one of its end faces, in combination with a space piece engaging with the guide.

29. A logotype having a different width at points adjacent to its type face than at points more remote, whereby a spacer may be wedged against the same in a form.

30. A logotype having upon its body portion a grooved face adapted to engage a spacer and accessible from the printing face of the form when the logotype is assembled with others.

31. A logotype having a slanting side upon its body, and its printing face overhanging said slanting side.

A typebar embodying a pair of associated logotypes between which there is a space bounded by opposed walls converging toward each other downwardly in combination with a space piece having opposed walls converging toward each other downwardly for engagement with the space bounding walls of associated logotypes.

33. A logotype having a grooved slanting side upon its body in combination with a space piece having a corresponding tongued slanting side.

34. A logotype having a slanting side upon its body said side being provided with a guide, in combination with a space piece having a slanting side provided with a guide complementary to the guide of the logotype.

A logotype having a printing face of less area than its base whereby when a line of these are assembled the words will normally be spaced, combined with adjustable means for justification carried by a guide on the end face.

36. A line of type, it comprising aseries of l r gotypes each having a printing face of less area than its base for affording a normally minimum word space between the log otypes, and adjustable means for justification carried by guides on the opposed end faces of adjacent logotypes.

37. A line of type comprising a series of logotypes each carrying a minimum word spacer at its lower portion, a series of spacers interposed between said logotypes and each cooperative when in one position with the spacer carried by its engaged logotype for forming minimum word spaces, and upon adjustment for forming word spaces of increased width.

38. A series of logotypes each decreasing in width from its bottom portion toward its top face, thereby forming minimum word spaces at the bases, and wedges ioi tightening the head ends of the logotypes in line.

39. A logotype having its type face nan rower than its base and the body whereof is of decreasing width from its bottom portion toward but not to the type face.

40. A printing form embodying a series of logotypes, each having its base wider than.

its printing face and the body whereof decreasing in width from the bottom portion toward the type face, and a. series of means for justifying the same.

4.1. A printing form embodying a series of logotypes each having its base wider than its printing face and the body whereof decreasing in width from the bottom portion toward the type face, a series of means for justifying the same, and a series of wedges interposed between such logotypes and oeeupying positions below the overhang of the type face,

A line of type comprising a series of logotypes each having a grooved slanting side upon its body, and a series of individual adjustable space pieces between the several logotypes, and each having corresponding tongued slanting sides.

5L3. A logotype having the face of one of its ends extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype, and the face of its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said ends having guideways, the head havin a printing face of less width longitudinally of the line of type than the base and overhanging the said inclined end face, the increment in width of the base forming a minimum word space.

44:. A line of type embodying a series of logotypes, each having the face of one of its ends extending substantially in line with the vertical axis of the logotype and the face of its opposite end inclined relatively to said axis, said ends having guideways, the head having a printing face of less width longitudinally of the line of type than the base and overhanging said inclined end face, the increment in width of the base forming a minimum word space, a series of space pieces mounted on the guideways of adjacent logotypes and when in one position cooperative with the said extending bases for forming the minimum word spaces, and when in other positions forming other word spaces.

45. A series of assembled logotype-s provided with converging guide faces, and a series of independently adjustable justification spaces mounted upon said guide faces each of said spacers having a face upon it for the engagement of adjusting means.

46. A line of type embodying a series of assembled printing elements, the opposing faces of the adjacent ends of which are relatively converged, and provided with guideways and independently adjustable space pieces mounted upon said guideways.

47. A. printing form embodying a series of lines, each composed of a series of logotypes, each decreasing in width from its bottom toward its top face, and space pieces for adjusting the relative position of said logotypes.

48. A typographic form built up of a plurality of type bars, each of which comprises in combination a plurality of logotypes supported by converging spaces, and a series of independently adjustable space pieces engaging the said walls for justifying the same.

49. A typographic form embodying a number of lines of type each comprising a series of assembled printing elements having converging opposing end faces provided with guideways, and adjustable space pieces mounted upon said guideways.

FRANCIS H. RICHARDS.

lVitnesses FRED. J. DOLE, JOHN O. SEIFERT. 

